All Major & Minor Scales

💫 Here's a visual & interactive reference for all the major and natural minor scales, their notes/pitches, layout on the piano keyboard, chords in the key of, and their relative minor or major. Use the banner at the bottom to jump to the different scales.

Major Scales

First, a reference chart of the major scales, with keys in order of 5ths, as with the circle of fifths. This illustrates that there's just one note difference (at the 7th scale degree) between scales formed from keys that are separated by a fifth. Hit play on any scale to play its pitches up and down:

I	ii	iii	IV	V	vi	vii°	I
C	D	E	F	G	A	B	C
G	A	B	C	D	E	F♯	G
D	E	F♯	G	A	B	C♯	D
A	B	C♯	D	E	F♯	G♯	A
E	F♯	G♯	A	B	C♯	D♯	E
B	C♯	D♯	E	F♯	G♯	A♯	B
F♯	G♯	A♯	B	C♯	D♯	E♯	F♯
D♭	E♭	F	G♭	A♭	B♭	C	D♭
A♭	B♭	C	D♭	E♭	F	G	A♭
E♭	F	G	A♭	B♭	C	D	E♭
B♭	C	D	E♭	F	G	A	B♭
F	G	A	B♭	C	D	E	F

And now for each of the major scales in more detail.

C Major Scale

notes: C D E F G A B

relative minor: A minor

chords in the key of C major

D Major Scale

notes: D E F^♯ G A B C^♯

relative minor: B minor

D
E
F^♯
G
A
B
C^♯
D

chords in the key of D major

E Major Scale

notes: E F^♯ G^♯ A B C^♯ D^♯

relative minor: C♯ minor

E
F^♯
G^♯
A
B
C^♯
D^♯
E

chords in the key of E major

F Major Scale

notes: F G A B_♭ C D E

relative minor: D minor

F
G
A
B_♭
C
D
E
F

chords in the key of F major

G Major Scale

notes: G A B C D E F^♯

relative minor: E minor

G
A
B
C
D
E
F^♯
G

chords in the key of G major

A Major Scale

notes: A B C^♯ D E F^♯ G^♯

relative minor: F♯ minor

A
B
C^♯
D
E
F^♯
G^♯
A

chords in the key of A major

B Major Scale

notes: B C^♯ D^♯ E F^♯ G^♯ A^♯

relative minor: G♯ minor

B
C^♯
D^♯
E
F^♯
G^♯
A^♯
B

chords in the key of B major

D♭ / C♯ Major Scale

D_♭ Major: D_♭ E_♭ F G_♭ A_♭ B_♭ C

C^♯ Major: C^♯ D^♯ E^♯ F^♯ G^♯ A^♯ B^♯

relative minor: A♯ / B♭ minor

D_♭
E_♭
F
G_♭
A_♭
B_♭
C
D_♭

chords in the key of D_♭ major

E♭ / D♯ Major Scale

E_♭ Major: E_♭ F G A_♭ B_♭ C D

D^♯ Major: D^♯ E^♯ F^♯^♯ G^♯ A^♯ B^♯ C^♯^♯

relative minor: C minor

E_♭
F
G
A_♭
B_♭
C
D
E_♭

chords in the key of E_♭ major

G♭ / F♯ Major Scale

G_♭ Major: G_♭ A_♭ B_♭ C_♭ D_♭ E_♭ F

F^♯ Major: F^♯ G^♯ A^♯ B C^♯ D^♯ E^♯

relative minor: D♯ / E♭ minor

G_♭
A_♭
B_♭
C_♭
D_♭
E_♭
F
G_♭

chords in the key of G_♭ major

A♭ / G♯ Major Scale

A_♭ Major: A_♭ B_♭ C D_♭ E_♭ F G

G^♯ Major: G^♯ A^♯ B^♯ C^♯ D^♯ E^♯ F^♯^♯

relative minor: F minor

A_♭
B_♭
C
D_♭
E_♭
F
G
A_♭

chords in the key of A_♭ major

B♭ / A♯ Major Scale

B_♭ Major: B_♭ C D E_♭ F G A

A^♯ Major: A^♯ B^♯ C^♯^♯ D^♯ E^♯ F^♯^♯ G^♯^♯

relative minor: G minor

B_♭
C
D
E_♭
F
G
A
B_♭

chords in the key of B_♭ major

Minor Scales

The following represents the natural minor scales, which is the default when we refer to minor scales.

As with the major scales, let's start with a reference chart of the minor scales with keys in order of 5ths. With minor scales, the different note between scales with keys separated by a 5th is at the 2nd scale degree. Hit play on any scale to play its pitches up and down:

i	ii°	III	iv	v	VI	VII	i
A	B	C	D	E	F	G	A
E	F♯	G	A	B	C	D	E
B	C♯	D	E	F♯	G	A	B
F♯	G♯	A	B	C♯	D	E	F♯
C♯	D♯	E	F♯	G♯	A	B	C♯
G♯	A♯	B	C♯	D♯	E	F♯	G♯
D♯	E♯	F♯	G♯	A♯	B	C♯	D♯
B♭	C	D♭	E♭	F	G♭	A♭	B♭
F	G	A♭	B♭	C	D♭	E♭	F
C	D	E♭	F	G	A♭	B♭	C
G	A	B♭	C	D	E♭	F	G
D	E	F	G	A	B♭	C	D

And now each of the natural minor scales in more detail. The full reference for each of the minor scales also includes the harmonic and melodic minors.

C Minor Scale

notes: C D E_♭ F G A_♭ B_♭

relative major: E♭ major

C
D
E_♭
F
G
A_♭
B_♭
C

chords in the key of C minor

→ full C minor scale reference

D Minor Scale

notes: D E F G A B_♭ C

relative major: F major

D
E
F
G
A
B_♭
C
D

chords in the key of D minor

→ full D minor scale reference

E Minor Scale

notes: E F^♯ G A B C D

relative major: G major

E
F^♯
G
A
B
C
D
E

chords in the key of E minor

→ full E minor scale reference

F Minor Scale

notes: F G A_♭ B_♭ C D_♭ E_♭

relative major: A♭ major

F
G
A_♭
B_♭
C
D_♭
E_♭
F

chords in the key of F minor

→ full F minor scale reference

G Minor Scale

notes: G A B_♭ C D E_♭ F

relative major: B♭ major

G
A
B_♭
C
D
E_♭
F
G

chords in the key of G minor

→ full G minor scale reference

A Minor Scale

notes: A B C D E F G

relative major: C major

chords in the key of A minor

→ full A minor scale reference

B Minor Scale

notes: B C^♯ D E F^♯ G A

relative major: D major

B
C^♯
D
E
F^♯
G
A
B

chords in the key of B minor

→ full B minor scale reference

C♯ / D♭ Minor Scale

C^♯ Minor: C^♯ D^♯ E F^♯ G^♯ A B

D_♭ Minor: D_♭ E_♭ F_♭ G_♭ A_♭ B_♭_♭ C_♭

relative major: E major

C^♯
D^♯
E
F^♯
G^♯
A
B
C^♯

chords in the key of C^♯ minor

→ full C^♯ minor scale reference

D♯ / E♭ Minor Scale

D^♯ Minor: D^♯ E^♯ F^♯ G^♯ A^♯ B C^♯

E_♭ Minor: E_♭ F G_♭ A_♭ B_♭ C_♭ D_♭

relative major: F♯ / G♭

D^♯
E^♯
F^♯
G^♯
A^♯
B
C^♯
D^♯

chords in the key of D^♯ minor

→ full D^♯ minor scale reference

F♯ / G♭ Minor Scale

F^♯ Minor: F^♯ G^♯ A B C^♯ D E

G_♭ Minor: G_♭ A_♭ B_♭_♭ C_♭ D_♭ E_♭_♭ F_♭

relative major: A major

F^♯
G^♯
A
B
C^♯
D
E
F^♯

chords in the key of F^♯ minor

→ full F^♯ minor scale reference

G♯ / A♭ Minor Scale

G^♯ Minor: G^♯ A^♯ B C^♯ D^♯ E F^♯

A_♭ Minor: A_♭ B_♭ C_♭ D_♭ E_♭ F_♭ G_♭

relative major: B major

G^♯
A^♯
B
C^♯
D^♯
E
F^♯
G^♯

chords in the key of G^♯ minor

→ full G^♯ minor scale reference

A♯ / B♭ Minor Scale

A^♯ Minor: A^♯ B^♯ C^♯ D^♯ E^♯ F^♯ G^♯

B_♭ Minor: B_♭ C D_♭ E_♭ F G_♭ A_♭

relative major: C♯ / D♭ major

A^♯
B^♯
C^♯
D^♯
E^♯
F^♯
G^♯
A^♯

chords in the key of A^♯ minor

→ full A^♯ minor scale reference

piano samples

The piano samples used here are from “Salamander Grand Piano V3” by Alexander Holm, licensed under CC BY 3.0.

Maj: C D E F G A B D_♭ E_♭ G_♭ A_♭ B_♭

min: C D E F G A B C♯ D♯ F♯ G♯ A♯